一、共48个 元音部分共有24个(其中单元音14 个,双元音10个)。辅音部分共24个。
二、元音
类别
前元音
中元音
后元音
长元音
/i/
/ɝ/
/ʌ/
/ɑ/
/ɑr/
/ɔ/
/ɔr/
/u/
短元音
/ɪ/
/ɛ/
/æ/
/ɚ/
/ə/
/ʊ/
注:KK音标的/ʌ/实际上是[ɜ],此音与/ə/很相似,只是口型要大一些。
1.单元音(14)
[i] : see [si] eat [i:t] please [pliz]
[ɪ] : hit [hɪt] fish [fɪʃ] pig [pɪɡ] wish [wɪʃ]
[ɛ]: ever [ˈɛvɚ] learn [lɜ:rn] yes [jɛs]
[æ]: family [ˈfæmli] glass [glæs] at [æt,ət] cat [kæt] map [mæp]
[ɝ]: alert [əˈlɜ:rt] bird [bɜ:rd] girl [gɜ:rl]
[ɚ]: butter [ˈbʌtɚ] better [ˈbɛtɚ]
[ʌ]: bus [bʌs] cut [kʌt] touch [tʌtʃ] judge [dʒʌdʒ]
[ə]: about [əˈbaʊt] terrible [ˈtɛrəbəl]
[ɑ]: watch [wɑ:tʃ] hot [hɑ:t]
[ɑr]:
[ɔ]: dog [dɔ:g] log [lɔ:g] talk [tɔk]
[ɔr]: door [dɔr,dor] four [fɔr] floor [flɔr, flor]
[u]: food [fud] fool [ful] room [rum, rʊm] two [tu]
[ʊ]: book [bʊk] look [lʊk] good [ɡʊd]
2.双元音(10)
类别
合口双元音
集中双元音
音标
/аɪ/
/eɪ/=/e/
/аʊ/
/oʊ/=/o/
/ɔɪ/
/ɪr/
/ɛr/
/ʊr/
/iə/
/ɪə/
[аɪ]: right [raɪt] nice [naɪs] like [laɪk]
[eɪ]: pay [peɪ] name [neɪm] [ˈeɪʒə]
[аʊ]: how [haʊ] house [haʊs] down [daʊn] owl [aʊl] now [naʊ]
[oʊ]: go [goʊ] know [noʊ] low [loʊ] [həˈloʊ]
[ɔɪ]: choice [tʃɔɪs] oil [ɔɪl] noise [nɔɪz] point [pɔɪnt] boy [bɔɪ]
[ɪr]: here [hɪr] ear [ɪr]
[ɛr]: America [əˈmɛrɪkə] hair [hɛr]
[ʊr]: sure [ʃʊr] your [jʊr] tour [tʊr]
[iə]: idea [aɪˈdi:ə] real [ˈriəl, ril]
[ɪə]: ear [ɪə(r)] beer [bɪə(r)]
3.对立辅音(8对,16个)
类别
爆破音
摩擦音
破擦音
清辅音
/p/
/t/
/k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
/ʃ/
/ʧ/
浊辅音
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/ð/
/z/
/ʒ/
/ʤ/
[p]: pig [pɪɡ] pay [peɪ] jeep [dʒi:p] map [mæp]
[b]: bus [bʌs] book [bʊk] bus [bʌs]
[t]: cat [kæt] hot [hɑ:t] cut [kʌt] touch [tʌtʃ]
[d]: food [fud] dog [dɔ:g]
[k]; cat [kæt] cut [kʌt] thank [θæŋk]
[g]: pig [pɪɡ] log [lɔ:g] go [goʊ]
[f]: food [fud] fuck [fʌk]
[v]: vision [ˈvɪʒən] view [vju]
[θ]: three [θri] through [θru] thank [θæŋk]
[ð]: this [ðɪs] thus [ðʌs]
[s]: bus [bʌs] this [ðɪs]
[z]: please [pliz] zero [ˈzɪroʊ] is [ɪz]
[ʃ]: wish [wɪʃ] fish [fɪʃ]
[ʒ]: vision [ˈvɪʒən] Asia [ˈeɪʒə] usual [ˈjuʒuəl]
[ʧ]: watch [wɑ:tʃ] touch [tʌtʃ]
[ʤ]: jeep [dʒi:p] judge [dʒʌdʒ]
4、独立辅音(8个)
类别
声门擦音
近音
鼻音
边音
半元音
清辅音
/h/
浊辅音
/r/
/m/
/n/
/ŋ/
/l/
/w/
/j/
[h]: hot [hɑ:t] hello [həˈloʊ] hit [hɪt]
[r]: right [raɪt] read [ri:d]
[m]: map [mæp] name [neɪm]
[n]: nice [naɪs] name [neɪm] know [noʊ]
[ŋ]: pink [pɪŋk] thank [θæŋk]
[l]: log [lɔ:g] like [laɪk] low [loʊ]
[w]: watch [wɑ:tʃ] wish [wɪʃ]
[j]: yes [jɛs] year [jɪr]